Batterie-Energiespeicher: Anwendungsindustrien, Szenarien und zukünftige Trends

Against the backdrop of global energy structure transformation and the “dual carbon” goal, battery energy storage, as a core technology to solve the instability of renewable energy power generation and optimize the efficiency of power supply and demand, has become a key support for the high-quality development of the new energy industry. It connects the links of power generation, transmission, distribution and consumption, and plays an irreplaceable role in promoting energy conservation, emission reduction and energy security. ECO Electronics, with profound technical accumulation in the field of new energy supporting products, closely focuses on the application needs of battery energy storage in various industries, provides high-reliability supporting solutions for battery energy storage systems, and helps the global energy transition process.

1. Kernanwendungsindustrien

Batterieenergiespeicherung, als flexible und effiziente Energiespeichermethode, deckt mehrere Bereiche wie Stromerzeugung aus neuen Energien, Betrieb des Stromnetzes, industrielle Produktion und das tägliche Leben ab. Ihre Entwicklung ist eng mit der Aufrüstung der nachgelagerten Industrien und der politischen Steuerung verbunden. Die Kernanwendungsindustrien sind wie folgt:

1. Industrie der erneuerbaren Energieerzeugung

Erneuerbare Energien wie Photovoltaik und Windkraft haben die Eigenschaften von Zufälligkeit, Intermittenz und Volatilität, was leicht zu Problemen wie Netzinstabilität und “abgewehrtem Wind und abgewehrtem Licht” während der Stromerzeugung führt. Batterieenergiespeicherung kann die überschüssige elektrische Energie speichern, die durch Photovoltaik und Windkraft erzeugt wird, wenn die Stromerzeugung hoch ist, and release it when the power generation is insufficient or the power demand is peak, effectively solving the problem of power generation fluctuation and improving the utilization rate of renewable energy. Laut relevanten Daten, the global energy storage matching rate of photovoltaic and wind power projects will reach 15% by 2025, and the demand for battery energy storage in this field will maintain a compound annual growth rate of more than 28%[2]. The upstream core materials of battery energy storage, such as positive electrode materials, negative electrode materials, electrolyte and diaphragm, directly determine the core performance of energy storage batteries, among which the cost of positive electrode materials accounts for about 42% of the total battery cost.

2. Power Grid Industry

In the power grid system, battery energy storage undertakes important functions such as peak shaving, valley filling, frequency modulation, voltage regulation and emergency backup, which is crucial to improving the stability and flexibility of the power grid. With the large-scale grid connection of renewable energy and the rapid development of new power systems, the demand for battery energy storage in the power grid field is increasing. It can alleviate the pressure of power grid peak load, reduce the investment in power grid transformation, and ensure the safe and stable operation of the power grid. The battery energy storage system in the power grid field is mainly composed of battery packs and “3S” systems (EMS, PCS, BMS), among which PCS (energy storage converter) has the highest technical barrier and relatively larger profit space.

3. Industrial and Commercial Industry

Industrial and commercial enterprises have large power consumption and obvious peak-valley differences in power use, and battery energy storage can help enterprises achieve peak-valley price arbitrage, reduce electricity costs. Gleichzeitig, it can provide emergency power supply for enterprises, avoid economic losses caused by power outages, and ensure the normal operation of production equipment. Außerdem, industrial and commercial battery energy storage can also participate in the demand response of the power grid, obtain relevant policy subsidies, and further reduce the operation cost of enterprises. For high-energy-consuming industries such as manufacturing and chemical industry, Batteriespeicherung ist zu einem wichtigen Mittel zur Optimierung der Energieverteilung und zur Reduzierung des Energieverbrauchs geworden.

4. Wohnenergiespeicherindustrie

Mit der Verbreitung von Photovoltaiksystemen und der Verbesserung der Bewohner’ Bewusstsein für Energieeinsparung und Umweltschutz, ist die Wohnbatteriespeicherung allmählich in Tausende von Haushalten eingedrungen. Sie kann die von Haushalts-Photovoltaikpanels erzeugte elektrische Energie für den täglichen Gebrauch speichern, Die Abhängigkeit vom öffentlichen Stromnetz verringern, und Stromrechnungen sparen. Gleichzeitig, im Falle eines Stromausfalls, kann es Notstromversorgung für Haushaltsgeräte bereitstellen, wodurch die Zuverlässigkeit der Haushaltsstromversorgung verbessert wird. In europäischen und amerikanischen Ländern, hat die Durchdringungsrate der Wohnenergiespeicherung überschritten 10%, und der Marktumfang in China wächst ebenfalls schnell, zeigt breite Entwicklungsperspektiven.

5. Transportindustrie

Im Bereich Transport, Batterieenergiespeicherung wird hauptsächlich in neuen Energiefahrzeugen eingesetzt, Schienenverkehr, Schiffe und anderen Bereichen. Für neue Energiefahrzeuge, ist die Traktionsbatterie selbst eine Art Energiespeichergerät, und die unterstützenden Energiespeicher-, Lade- und Tauschstationen können die Probleme langer Ladezeiten und unzureichender Ladestationen lösen, die Benutzung neuer Energiefahrzeuge bequemer machen. Für Schienenverkehr und Schiffe, kann die Batterieenergiespeicherung eine Hilfsstromversorgung und Energierückgewinnung bieten, Energieverbrauch und Umweltverschmutzung reduzieren. Außerdem, Die ausrangierten Traktionsbatterien von neuen Energiefahrzeugen können durch gestufte Nutzung zur Energiespeicherung und als Backup-Stromversorgung eingesetzt werden, which improves the resource utilization rate and reduces the cost.

6. Emergency and Special Scenarios Industry

Battery energy storage has the characteristics of fast response, flexible deployment and easy installation, and is widely used in emergency power supply scenarios such as natural disasters, public emergencies and remote areas. Zum Beispiel, in areas affected by earthquakes, floods and other disasters, battery energy storage can provide temporary power supply for rescue work, medical equipment and residents’ lives. In remote areas without grid coverage, battery energy storage can be combined with photovoltaic and wind power to form an off-grid power supply system, solving the problem of electricity use for residents and infrastructure.

1. Typische Anwendungsszenarien

Different application industries have different requirements for battery energy storage systems, such as energy density, cycle life, safety performance and environmental adaptability. According to the characteristics of different industries, the typical application scenarios of battery energy storage are as follows:

1. Renewable Energy Power Generation Scenarios

• Photovoltaic supporting energy storage: It is mainly used in large-scale photovoltaic power stations and distributed photovoltaic projects. When the sunlight is sufficient, the surplus electric energy generated by the photovoltaic system is stored in the battery energy storage system; when the sunlight is insufficient or at night, the stored electric energy is released to the power grid or the load side, Sicherstellung der kontinuierlichen und stabilen Stromversorgung des Photovoltaiksystems. Das Batteriespeichersystem muss eine gute Lebensdauer und Lade-Entlade-Wirkung haben, und sich an die raue Außenumgebung anpassen (hohe Temperatur, niedrigen Temperaturen, starke ultraviolette Strahlung). Das “3S” System arbeitet mit dem Batteriepack zusammen, um den Energie speicher- und Freigabeprozess abzuschließen, wobei EMS für die Gesamtentscheidungen zuständig ist, PCS für die Lade- und Entladeausführung zuständig ist, und BMS für die Batteriesicherheitsüberwachung zuständig ist.
• Windkraft unterstützende Energiespeicherung: Es wird in Onshore- und Offshore-Windparks verwendet. Aufgrund der Instabilität der Windgeschwindigkeit, fließt die von Windkraftanlagen erzeugte Leistung stark schwankend. Batteriespeicher kann die Stromabgabe glätten, um die Auswirkungen von Leistungsschwankungen auf das Stromnetz zu vermeiden, and improve the grid connection capacity of wind power. Offshore wind power supporting energy storage needs to have good corrosion resistance and waterproof performance to adapt to the marine environment.

2. Power Grid Operation Scenarios

• Peak shaving and valley filling: During the peak period of power consumption (such as morning and evening peak), the battery energy storage system releases electric energy to the power grid to alleviate the peak load pressure of the power grid; during the valley period of power consumption (such as late night), it absorbs the surplus electric energy of the power grid for storage, improving the utilization rate of power grid resources. This scenario requires the battery energy storage system to have large capacity and fast charge-discharge speed.
• Frequency modulation and voltage regulation: The battery energy storage system can quickly respond to the frequency and voltage changes of the power grid, adjust the charge-discharge power in real time, maintain the stability of the power grid frequency and voltage, and improve the power quality of the power grid. Compared with traditional frequency modulation methods, battery energy storage has the advantages of fast response speed and low operation cost.
• Emergency backup power supply: When the power grid fails or has a blackout, the battery energy storage system can quickly start to provide emergency power supply for key loads (such as hospitals, power stations, communication hubs), ensuring the normal operation of key infrastructure.

3. Industrial and Commercial Application Scenarios

• Peak-valley price arbitrage: Industrial and commercial enterprises charge the battery energy storage system during the valley period of electricity price (low price) and discharge it during the peak period of electricity price (high price), reducing the electricity cost of enterprises. This scenario requires the battery energy storage system to have high charge-discharge efficiency and long cycle life to ensure the economic benefits of arbitrage.
• Emergency power supply for production: For enterprises with high requirements for power supply reliability (such as electronic manufacturing, precision processing), the battery energy storage system can provide uninterrupted power supply when the power grid is cut off, avoiding production interruption and economic losses caused by power outages.
• Demand response: Enterprises participate in the demand response program of the power grid through the battery energy storage system, adjust the power consumption load according to the dispatch requirements of the power grid, and obtain policy subsidies, further reducing the operation cost.

4. Residential and Emergency Scenarios

• Household photovoltaic energy storage integration: The household battery energy storage system is connected with the household photovoltaic panel, storing the surplus electric energy generated by the photovoltaic panel for daily use of household appliances, and the excess electric energy can be connected to the grid to obtain income. The system is small in size, easy to install, and has high safety performance, which is suitable for household use.
• Emergency power supply for special scenarios: In natural disasters (earthquakes, floods, typhoons) and other emergency scenarios, the mobile battery energy storage system can be quickly deployed to provide temporary power supply for rescue equipment, medical devices, communication equipment and residents’ daily life. The system has the characteristics of flexible movement and fast response, which can effectively guarantee the smooth progress of emergency rescue work.

III. Zukünftige Entwicklungstrends

Driven by policy support, technological innovation and market demand, the battery energy storage industry is entering a period of rapid development, showing the development trends of high safety, high efficiency, Intelligenz,, Umweltfreundlichkeit und Integration. Die wichtigsten Entwicklungstrends sind wie folgt::

1. Continuous Improvement of Safety Performance

Safety is the core premise of the development of battery energy storage. In der Zukunft, with the continuous progress of battery technology, the safety performance of battery energy storage systems will be further improved. New battery materials (such as solid-state batteries, sodium-ion batteries) will gradually replace traditional lithium-ion batteries, reducing the risks of fire and explosion. Gleichzeitig, the optimization of battery management system (BMS) and the improvement of safety monitoring technology will realize real-time monitoring of battery temperature, voltage, current and other parameters, timely warning and handling of potential safety hazards, ensuring the safe and stable operation of the system. The technical improvement of key links such as diaphragms (the link with the highest technical barrier in upstream materials) will also further enhance the safety of energy storage batteries.

2. Verbesserung der Energiedichte und Lade-Entlade-Effizienz

Die Verbesserung der Energiedichte und der Lade-Entlade-Effizienz ist die Schlüsselrichtung der Innovation in der Batterien-Energiespeichertechnologie. Einerseits, die Forschung und Entwicklung neuer Batteriematerialien und die Optimierung der Batteriekonstruktion werden die Energiedichte der Batterie effektiv verbessern, das Volumen und Gewicht des Energiespeichersystems reduzieren, und die Baukosten senken. Andererseits, das Upgrade der Lade-Entlade-Steuerungstechnologie und die Optimierung des “3S” Systems werden die Lade-Entlade-Effizienz des Systems verbessern, die Nutzung der elektrischen Energie erhöhen, und die wirtschaftlichen Vorteile der Batterie-Energiespeicherung steigern. Es wird erwartet, dass durch 2030, the energy density of power batteries for energy storage will double compared with the current level, and the charge-discharge efficiency will exceed 95%.

3. Intelligent and Digital Development

The integration of intelligent technologies such as the Internet of Things, Big Data, artificial intelligence and digital twin with battery energy storage systems will become an inevitable trend. The intelligent battery energy storage system can realize real-time monitoring, remote operation and maintenance, and intelligent scheduling, reducing manual intervention and improving the operation efficiency of the system. Digital twin technology can simulate the operation state of the energy storage system, predict potential faults, and provide a basis for the optimization of the system. Gleichzeitig, the integration of battery energy storage with smart grids and microgrids will realize the intelligent allocation of energy and improve the overall efficiency of the energy system. The intelligent upgrading of the “3S” system will further promote the digital transformation of the battery energy storage industry.

4. Grüne und kohlenstoffarme Entwicklung

Guided by the global “dual carbon” goal, green and low-carbon has become the core direction of the development of the battery energy storage industry. Einerseits, the research and development and application of environmentally friendly battery materials (such as recyclable battery materials, biodegradable electrolytes) will reduce environmental pollution during the production, use and disposal of batteries. Andererseits, the echelon utilization of retired power batteries and the recycling of waste batteries will realize the recycling of resources, reduce resource waste, and promote the green cycle development of the industry. Außerdem, the optimization of the energy storage system will reduce energy loss during the charge-discharge process, further improving the energy conservation and emission reduction effect. The echelon utilization of retired power batteries will become an important part of the green development of the industry, which can not only save costs but also improve resource utilization efficiency.

5. Integration and Diversification Development

The integration of battery energy storage with renewable energy (photovoltaic, wind power), smart grid, microgrid and other fields will become more close, forming a comprehensive energy system integrating power generation, storage and consumption. Gleichzeitig, the application scenarios of battery energy storage will be more diversified, expanding from traditional power generation, power grid and other fields to transportation, emergency rescue, military and other fields. Außerdem, the form of battery energy storage will also be more flexible, including centralized energy storage, distributed energy storage, mobile energy storage and other forms, to meet the needs of different scenarios. The integration of the upstream, middle and downstream industrial chains of battery energy storage will be further strengthened, forming a complete industrial ecosystem from core materials to system integration and operation services.

6. Reduction of Cost and Industrial Concentration Improvement

With the large-scale production of battery materials, the maturity of technology and the intensification of market competition, the cost of battery energy storage will continue to decline, which will further promote the popularization and application of battery energy storage. Es wird erwartet, dass durch 2028, the cost of battery energy storage systems will drop by more than 50% compared with the current level. Gleichzeitig, the industry integration will be accelerated, small and medium-sized enterprises with backward technology and low competitiveness will gradually withdraw from the market, and leading enterprises will expand their advantages through technological innovation and resource integration, and the industry concentration will be further improved. The concentration of key links such as diaphragms in the upstream industry is already relatively high, and this trend will continue to spread to the entire industrial chain.

1. ECO Electronics’ Layout and Practice

In response to the development trends of the battery energy storage industry, ECO Electronics relies on its professional technical team and strict quality management system, focusing on the R&D and production of high-reliability supporting products for battery energy storage systems. We provide customized supporting solutions for battery energy storage systems in renewable energy, power grid, industrial and commercial, residential and other fields, including high-precision connectors, customized cable assemblies and other core supporting products, which are compatible with various battery energy storage systems and meet the requirements of high safety, high efficiency and environmental adaptability. We strictly control the product R&D, production and testing processes, select high-quality materials, and ensure that the products meet international stringent standards, providing reliable support for the stable operation of battery energy storage systems. In der Zukunft, ECO Electronics will continue to increase R&D investment, die neuesten technologischen Trends in der Branche verfolgen, deeply integrate with the battery energy storage industry, zentrale technische Engpässe durchbrechen, and contribute professional strength to the global energy transition and green low-carbon development.